Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra: The Hero of the Paika Rebellion
Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bhramarbar Ray, popularly known as Buxi Jagabandhu, was one of the earliest freedom fighters of India and the chief leader of the Paika Rebellion of 1817 in Odisha. His bravery, leadership, and patriotism made him a symbol of resistance against British colonial rule long before the First War of Independence in 1857.
Early Life and Background
Buxi Jagabandhu was born around 1773 in a noble Khandayat family in the village of Roranga, near Khurda in present-day Odisha. He held the hereditary title “Buxi”, which means Commander or Deputy Commander of the King’s forces, under the King of Khurda, Raja Mukunda Deva II. As a loyal officer and warrior, Jagabandhu was respected for his skill in administration and warfare.
However, after the British East India Company annexed the Khurda Kingdom in 1803, the king was dethroned, and the estate (known as Jagir) of Buxi Jagabandhu was confiscated. This unjust act left him without land, income, or power, leading to great hardship for him and his people.
The Paika Rebellion of 1817
The Paikas were the traditional warrior class of Odisha who served as soldiers and landholders under the local kings. When the British took over the land and imposed new taxes, the Paikas, along with peasants and tribal communities, faced severe economic and social distress.
In 1817, under the leadership of Buxi Jagabandhu, the Paikas rose in revolt against the British. They attacked the British establishments at Khurda and Puri, freeing prisoners and restoring the king’s name. The movement spread quickly across Odisha, symbolizing the people’s anger against British oppression.
Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British with superior arms and reinforcements, it marked one of the first organized armed uprisings against British rule in India.
Legacy and Contribution
Buxi Jagabandhu’s courage inspired generations of Indians. Even after losing his wealth and power, he continued to fight for his motherland. He lived in hiding for several years before surrendering in 1825, and he passed away in 1829 while still under British supervision.
Today, Buxi Jagabandhu is remembered as a patriot, leader, and symbol of Odisha’s pride. The Paika Rebellion is now recognized as a precursor to India’s freedom movement. Several institutions, roads, and public places in Odisha and across India bear his name, honoring his contribution to the nation.
Conclusion
Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra’s life teaches us the value of courage, sacrifice, and patriotism. His leadership in the Paika Rebellion of 1817 reminds us that the fight for freedom did not begin in 1857 but had already taken root in the hearts of Indians like him decades earlier. He remains one of the greatest heroes of India’s struggle for independence and a true son of Odisha.
