ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ
1. ଅମି ର ------------ ଫକୀର
2. ଅଭ୍ୟସ୍ତ ----------- ଅନଭ୍ୟସ୍ତ
3. ଅଭ୍ି ଜାତ ---------- ଉପଜାତ
4. ଅସାର --------------- ସାର
5. ଅଜ୍ଞ ----------------- ବି ଜ୍ଞ
6. ଅଧଃପତନ ------------
7. ଅଭ୍ୟାଗତ ------------ ବହି ଗଗ ତ
8. ଅନ୍ତର୍ଦ୍ଗ ାନ ------------- ଆବି ଭ୍ଗ ାବ
9. ଏକାନ୍ନ ------------- ପୃ ଥଗନ
10. ଋଣୀ ------------ ଅନୃ ଣ
11. ଈର୍ଗ ାଳୁ ------------ ଶ୍ର ର୍ଦ୍ାଳୁ
12. ଉଲ୍ଲି ଖି ତ ----------- ନି ମ୍ନ ଲି ଖି ତ
13. କୃ
ପଣ -------------- ବଦାନୟ
14. ବାସ୍ତବ ------------- କାଳ୍ପନି କ
15. ଏକାକୀ ------------- ଦଳବର୍ଦ୍
16. ପାର୍ଣ୍ଡ ------------- ଧାମିକ
17. ମସୃ ଣ ------------- ବନ୍ଧୁ ର
18. ମମାଚନ ------------- ବନ୍ଧନ
19. ବର୍ଦ୍ିଷ୍ଣୁ ------------କ୍ଷୟିଷ୍ଣୁ
20. ପଶ୍ଚାତ୍ ----------- ସମ୍ମୁଖ
21. ପରସାରଣ --------- ସମକାଚନ
Posted by: Subhashree Rout
|| Posted time: 11/25/2024 12:57:41 PM
Comprehensive Guide to Odia Grammar: Key Concepts and Rules
1. Noun Declensions (ସଂଶୋଧନା)
In Odia, nouns change their form based on their case (who is doing the action, to whom the action is directed, etc.), gender, and number.
• Nominative Case (Subject):
Example:
• ଛାତ୍ର (student - singular)
• ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ (students - plural)
• Accusative Case (Object):
Example:
• ତିନି ଛାତ୍ରକୁ ଦେଖିଲେ। (He saw the three students.)
• Instrumental Case (Means/Instrument):
Example:
• ସେ ଛଡାରେ ଲେଖିଛି। (He is writing with a pen.)
• Dative Case (Recipient):
Example:
• ସେ ମୋତେ ଏହା ଦେଲେ। (He gave it to me.)
2. Adjective Declension (ବିଶେଷଣ)
Adjectives in Odia are also declined based on gender, number, and case.
• Masculine: ସୁନ୍ଦର (handsome)
• Feminine: ସୁନ୍ଦରା (beautiful)
• Neuter: ସୁନ୍ଦର (beautiful)
Example:
• ସୁନ୍ଦର ଛାତ୍ର (handsome student - masculine)
• ସୁନ୍ଦରା ଛାତ୍ରା (beautiful student - feminine)
3. Verb Conjugation (କ୍ରିୟା)
Verbs in Odia conjugate based on tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The endings change to reflect these variables.
• Present Tense (e.g., କରିବା - “to do”):
• ମୁଁ କରୁଛି (I am doing)
• ସେ କରୁଛି (He is doing)
• Past Tense (e.g., କରିଲା - “did”):
• ମୁଁ କରିଲି (I did)
• ସେ କରିଲା (He did)
• Future Tense (e.g., କରିବି - “will do”):
• ମୁଁ କରିବି (I will do)
• ସେ କରିବ (He will do)
• Imperative Mood (command):
• ଆସ (Come)
• ଯା (Go)
4. Complex Sentences (ଯୁଗ୍ମ ବାକ୍ୟ)
In Odia, complex sentences consist of more than one independent or dependent clause connected by conjunctions. These conjunctions can be coordinating or subordinating.
• Coordinating Conjunctions:
• ଏବଂ (and), କିନ୍ତୁ (but), ତେଣୁ (so)
• Subordinating Conjunctions:
• ଯେ (that), କାରଣ (because), ଯଦି (if)
Example:
• ସେ ଅଭିନୟ କରେ ଏବଂ ସେ ସଂଗୀତ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରେ। (He acts and he sings well.)
5. Postpositions (ପୋଷ୍ଟପ୍ରେକ୍ଷଣ)
Unlike prepositions in English, Odia uses postpositions, which come after the noun or pronoun they govern.
• Examples:
• ଘରକୁ (to the house)
• ତଳେ (under)
• ସହିତ (with)
• ପ୍ରତି (for)
6. Honorifics (ଆଦର ପଦ)
In Odia, respect and formality are important in speech. Specific pronouns and verb forms are used to show respect.
• Pronouns:
• ଆପଣ (you - respectful/formal)
• ସେ (he/she - informal)
• Verb Forms:
• ଆପଣ କିପରି ଅଛନ୍ତି? (How are you? - respectful)
• ସେ କିପରି ଅଛି? (How is he? - informal)
7. Negation (ନକାରାତ୍ମକ)
In Odia, negation is usually formed by adding the word “ନୁହେଁ” (not) after the verb.
• Examples:
• ମୁଁ ଖାଉ ନୁହେଁ (I am not eating)
• ସେ ଯାଉ ନୁହେଁ (He is not going)
8. Interrogative Sentences (ସମ୍ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)
Questions in Odia are formed by using the question word at the beginning or end of the sentence, often accompanied by a rising intonation.
• Examples:
• କି? (What?)
• କେଉଁଠି? (Where?)
• କେତେ? (How many?)
Example sentences:
• ତୁମେ କେଉଁଠି ଯାଉଛ? (Where are you going?)
• ସେ କେତେ ଆସିବ? (How many will come?)
9. Relative Clauses (ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ବାକ୍ୟ)
Relative clauses in Odia function similarly to English, with the relative pronoun “ଯେ” (that/who) used to link the clause to the noun.
• Example:
• ସେ ଛାତ୍ର ଯେ ଭଲ ପଢ଼େ (The student who studies well)
10. Degrees of Comparison (ତୁଳନା ରୂପ)
In Odia, adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• Positive Degree: ସୁନ୍ଦର (beautiful)
• Comparative Degree: ସୁନ୍ଦରତମ (more beautiful)
• Superlative Degree: ସୁନ୍ଦରତମ (most beautiful)
11. Pronunciation and Phonetics
Odia has a set of unique phonetic rules and sounds that are different from Hindi or other regional languages. The pronunciation of vowels and consonants is essential for clarity.
• Example:
• ଅ (a) - short sound as in “cut”
• ଆ (aa) - long sound as in “father”
12. Word Formation
Odia words can be formed by combining roots with prefixes and suffixes.
• Example:
• ଲେଖ (write) + ଆ (suffix for doing) = ଲେଖିବ (to write)
• ପଢ଼ (read) + ନା (negation) = ପଢ଼ିବାନା (not to read)
Summary of Key Points:
• Nouns and pronouns in Odia change form based on case, gender, and number.
• Verbs are conjugated based on tense, person, number, and mood.
• Adjectives and adverbs adjust based on the noun they modify.
• Postpositions follow nouns, unlike prepositions in English.
• Honorifics are crucial in formal and respectful speech.
• Odia follows an SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) sentence structure, similar to other Indian languages.
Posted by: Chinmaya Rout
|| Posted time: 11/25/2024 02:43:59 AM
A Comprehensive Guide to Odia Grammar
Odia (or Oriya) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the Indian state of Odisha. It has a rich grammatical structure, including various parts of speech, tenses, and sentence constructions. Here’s an overview of key concepts in Odia grammar:
1. Nouns (ସଂଶୋଧନା - “Samsodhana”)
• Gender: Nouns in Odia can be masculine, feminine, or neuter.
• Masculine: ଛାତ୍ର (student), ବାଲକ (boy)
• Feminine: ଛାତ୍ରା (female student), ବାଲିକା (girl)
• Neuter: ବୁକ (book), ଘର (house)
• Number: Nouns can be singular or plural.
• Singular: ଛାତ୍ର (student)
• Plural: ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ (students)
2. Pronouns (ସର୍ବନାମ - “Sarbanama”)
Pronouns replace nouns and are categorized by person, number, and case.
• First Person: ମୁଁ (I), ଆମେ (we)
• Second Person: ତୁମେ (you - singular), ତୁମେମାନେ (you - plural)
• Third Person: ସେ (he/she), ସେମାନେ (they)
3. Verbs (କ୍ରିୟା - “Kriya”)
Verbs in Odia conjugate based on tense, person, and number.
• Present Tense:
• ମୁଁ ଖାଉଛି (I am eating)
• ସେ ଲେଖୁଛି (He is writing)
• Past Tense:
• ମୁଁ ଖାଇଲି (I ate)
• ସେ ଲେଖିଲା (He wrote)
• Future Tense:
• ମୁଁ ଖାଇବି (I will eat)
• ସେ ଲେଖିବ (He will write)
4. Adjectives (ବିଶେଷଣ - “Biseshana”)
Adjectives describe or modify nouns. In Odia, adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.
• Examples:
• ଛାତ୍ର ଉତ୍ତୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ (The student is successful - masculine)
• ଛାତ୍ରା ଉତ୍ତୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ (The student is successful - feminine)
5. Adverbs (କ୍ରିୟାବିଶେଷଣ - “Kriyabishesana”)
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They describe how, when, where, or to what extent something is done.
• Examples:
• ଶୀଘ୍ର (quickly)
• ଭଲରେ (well)
• ସେ ଶାନ୍ତ ଭାବେ କଥା କହିଲେ (He spoke calmly)
6. Prepositions (ସମ୍ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷଣ - “Samprekshana”)
Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun and other words in the sentence.
• Examples:
• ଘରରେ (in the house)
• ସହ ଯାଉ (go with)
• ତଳେ (under)
7. Conjunctions (ଯୋଗବିଚ୍ଛେଦ - “Yogabichheda”)
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses.
• Examples:
• ଏବଂ (and)
• କିନ୍ତୁ (but)
• କାରଣ (because)
8. Sentence Structure (ବାକ୍ୟରୂପ - “Bakyrupa”)
Odia follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) sentence structure.
• Example:
• ମୁଁ ଖାଇବି ଆମ ପସନ୍ଦ (I will eat my favorite food).
• ସେ ଗାୟେ ଗାଇଲା (He sang a song).
9. Tenses (କାଳ - “Kala”)
Odia has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future.
• Present Continuous Tense:
• ମୁଁ ପଢ଼ୁଛି (I am reading)
• Past Simple Tense:
• ସେ ଚାଲିଲା (He walked)
• Future Tense:
• ମୁଁ କାମ କରିବି (I will work)
10. Postpositions (ପୋଷ୍ଟପ୍ରେକ୍ଷଣ - “Postpreksana”)
Unlike English, which uses prepositions, Odia uses postpositions that come after the noun or pronoun.
• Example:
• ଘରକୁ (to the house)
• ସହିତ (with)
11. Honorifics (ଆଦର ପଦ - “Adara Pada”)
Odia uses honorifics to show respect, especially when addressing elders or authority figures.
• Example:
• ଆପଣ (you - formal/respectful)
• ସେ (he/she - informal)
12. Particles and Emphatic Pronouns (ସଂଶୋଧନା - “Samshodhana”)
• Emphatic Particles: Often used for emphasis or to form questions.
• Example:
• କି (question marker)
• ବି (also)
Posted by: Chinmaya Rout
|| Posted time: 11/25/2024 02:41:19 AM
ଲିଙ୍ଗ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ
ପୁଂଲିଙ୍ଗ-ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲିଙ୍ଗ
କୃପଣ-କୃପଣା
ଚତୁର୍ଭୁଜ-ଚତୁର୍ଭୁଜା
ବୀର-ବୀରା
ବୃଦ୍ଧ-ବୃଦ୍ଧା
ମାତୁଳ-ମାତୁଳା
ଯୋଗ୍ୟ-ଯୋଗ୍ଯା
ସଦସ୍ୟ-ସଦସ୍ଯା
ସରଳ-ସରଳା
ମହୋଦୟ-ମହୋଦୟା
ମହାଶୟ-ମହାଶୟା
ଈ-ଯୁକ୍ତ
ନର-ନାରୀ
ଯୁବକ-ଯୁବତୀ
ବୋକା-ବୋକୀ
କୁକୁର-କୁକୁରୀ
ନେତା-ନେତ୍ରୀ
ଦେବତା-ଦେବୀ
ଶୁଆ-ଶାରୀ
ଶୁକର-ଶୁକରୀ
ଜନକ-ଜନନୀ
ଚଗଲା-ଚଗଲୀ
ସୁନ୍ଦର-ସୁନ୍ଦରୀ
କୁମାର-କୁମାରୀ
ଦେବ-ଦେବୀ
ଶ୍ରୀମାନ-ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ
ପାଠୁଆ-ପାଠୋଈ
ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରବଦନ-ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରବଦନୀ
ରଜକ-ରଜକୀ
ଣୀ-ଯୁକ୍ତ
ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ-ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ
ଧୋବା-ଧୋବଣୀ
ବାୟା-ବାୟାଣୀ
ଚୋର-ଚୋରଣୀ
Posted by: Subhashree Rout
|| Posted time: 11/24/2024 09:28:04 PM