Operators in C Programming (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment)

This tutorial explains operators in C programming, which are used to perform operations on variables and values. It covers arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators with syntax and examples, helping beginners understand how expressions and conditions work in C programs.

1. What Are Operators in C

Operators are symbols that perform operations on operands (variables or values).

Example:


int sum = a + b;

Here, + is an operator.

2. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical calculations.

Operators List

OperatorDescription
+Addition
-Subtraction
*Multiplication
/Division
%Modulus (remainder)

Example Program


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 10, b = 3;

printf("Addition: %d\n", a + b);
printf("Subtraction: %d\n", a - b);
printf("Multiplication: %d\n", a * b);
printf("Division: %d\n", a / b);
printf("Modulus: %d\n", a % b);

return 0;
}

3. Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values and return true (1) or false (0).

Operators List

OperatorMeaning
==Equal to
!=Not equal
>Greater than
<Less than
>=Greater than or equal
<=Less than or equal

Example


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int x = 10, y = 20;

printf("%d\n", x == y);
printf("%d\n", x < y);
printf("%d\n", x >= y);

return 0;
}

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions.

Operators List

OperatorMeaning
&&Logical AND
`
!Logical NOT

Example


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int age = 25;
int salary = 30000;

if (age > 18 && salary > 20000) {
printf("Eligible\n");
}

return 0;
}

5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operators List

OperatorDescription
=Assign
+=Add and assign
-=Subtract and assign
*=Multiply and assign
/=Divide and assign
%=Modulus and assign

Example


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 10;

a += 5;
printf("a = %d\n", a);

a *= 2;
printf("a = %d\n", a);

return 0;
}

6. Operator Precedence (Basic)

Operators with higher precedence are evaluated first.

Example:


int result = 10 + 5 * 2; // Result is 20

Key Points to Remember

  1. Arithmetic operators perform calculations
  2. Relational operators compare values
  3. Logical operators combine conditions
  4. Assignment operators update variable values
  5. Understand precedence to avoid logical errors